In the realm of electrical engineering, the debate between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) has long been a topic of discussion. But what’s the difference, and how do they impact the towering structures that facilitate power transmission?
Types of galvanizing methods Galvanizing, or galvanization, is a manufacturing process in which a zinc coating is applied to steel or iron to protect it against patina and rust. Several processes are available for galvanizing, but one of the most offered and used methods is called hot-dip galvanizing. What is galvanized? Galvanizing, or galvanization, is a manufacturing process in which a zinc coating is applied to steel or iron to protect it from patina and rust. A variety of galvanizing methods are available, but one of the most offered and used methods is called hot-dip galvanizing. Galvanized steel is one of the most popular types of steel due to its high durability, strength and malleability as well as corrosion protection of the zinc-iron coating. Zinc acts as a barrier against corrosive elements to protect the base metal, and the sacrificial nature of the coating results in a durable, high-quality steel product.This versatility makes it usable for a variety of projects and industries, including agriculture, solar, automotive, construction, and more. In the following, Tower-ist provides a comprehensive description of how galvanized steel is processed, the types of galvanizing methods, its advantages, and how to use it in these different industries. The galvanizing steps are as follows: Steel is cleaned in a degreasing solution.After cleaning, the steel is pickled by placing it in a container containing hot dilute sulfuric acid. The steel is then annealed in an aqueous solution (usually ammonium chloride).After the flux, the steel is galvanized by immersion in a vat of molten metal. The steel is then checked for consistency and complete coverage. What are the advantages of galvanized steel? Many different industries mostly they use galvanized steel because it has a wide range of advantages for the industries that can use them, including having: Low initial cost: Compared to most covered steels. In addition, galvanized steel is ready for use immediately after delivery. It does not require additional surface preparation, inspections and painting/covering, which saves companies more money. Longer life: With galvanizing, a piece of industrial steel can be expected to last 50+ years in moderate environments and 20+ years with heavy water exposure. No maintenance required. Increasing the durability of the final steel product also increases the reliability of the product. Rust resistance from zinc coating: The iron elements in steel are incredibly prone to rust, but the addition of zinc acts as a protective buffer between the steel and any moisture or oxygen. Galvanized steel is highly protective, including sharp corners and dents that cannot be protected with other coatings, and is resistant to damage. Types of galvanizing methods As mentioned above, there are several different processes for galvanizing steel which are as follows: Hot galvanized The first and most important method for galvanizing is hot-dip galvanizing. In this method, steel or iron is immersed in a pool of molten zinc, which is maintained at a temperature of about 860 degrees Fahrenheit (460 degrees Celsius). This molten bath initiates a metallurgical bond between the zinc and the host metal. After the metal is pulled out of the bath, it reacts on exposure to the atmosphere and pure zinc mixes with oxygen to form zinc oxide. Zinc oxide further reacts with carbon dioxide to form zinc carbonate, which forms the final protective coating on the material. A telltale sign of a hot-dip galvanized material is the presence of a crystal-like pattern on the surface, sometimes referred to as it is called “spangle”.Hot-dip galvanizing is a cost-effective choice that can be quickly applied to simple and complex shapes.The new coated material can be worked and machined in the same way as the uncoated material. Galvanized steel can be used in high temperature applications up to 392°F but use above this level will cause the zinc-carbonate layer to separate. Galvanizing Galvannealing is the result of combining the annealing and hot-dip galvanizing processes to produce a specialized coating on steel. The galvanizing process is done through instant and immersion annealing, which produces a matte gray finish. Galvanized steel is a zinc-iron alloy product where the base metal is coated by a hot-dip process and then heated to create an alloy between the molten zinc coating and the steel. The resulting coating is a dull matte surface. Galvanized steel is suitable for welding and its surface is excellent for paint adhesion. Pre-galvanize This type of galvanizing is one of the highest ranges of galvanizing, but it is done in the first stage of production. Pre-galvanizing is a process that involves rolling sheet metal through a cleaning agent to quickly prepare the material for galvanizing. Then the metal is passed through a pool over the molten liquid and immediately recoils. The main advantage of this method is that steel sheet coils can be quickly galvanized on a large scale with a more uniform coating than the traditional hot dip method. Electro galvanizing: This method is one of the most unique methods of galvanizing, electro galvanizing does not involve immersing the material in a molten zinc container. Instead, an electric current is applied to an electrolytic solution applied to the steel, which reduces positively charged zinc ions to zinc metal. – which is then deposited on the positively charged steel. Like pre-galvanizing, this method is usually done in the first stage of production. In what industries is galvanized steel used? Galvanized metals are used everywhere: The bodies of cars and many bicycles are made of galvanized metal. Some drinking water pipes are still made of galvanized steel. Cold rolled sheet is also often galvanized. bolts, tools and all kinds of wire are now galvanized because it is an inexpensive process and helps extend the life of the metal.! Galvanized steel is often used in modern “steel frame” buildings. Galvanized steel is also used to create structures such as balconies, porches, staircases, ladders, corridors, etc. If your project will live outdoors after completion, galvanized metal is the ideal choice. Fences, roofs, outdoor walkways are all great choices for galvanized metal!
Transmission Towers The main supporting unit or structure of overhead transmission line is called transmission towers. The transmission towers are used to support transmission line’s heavy conductors and its accessories from sufficient safe distance from the earth or ground level for transmitting a bulk amount of power at long distances. These towers protects the transmission lines from the natural calamities like earth quake, winds etc. Types of Transmission Towers There are four types of major transmission towers: Suspension Towers Tension Towers Terminal Towers Transposition Towers Self Supporting Guyed or Stayed Towers A Type Tower B Type Tower C Type Tower D Type Tower Single Circuit Towers Double Circuit Towers Multi Circuit Towers River crossing Towers Railway Crossing Towers Road Crossing Towers 1. Suspension Towers A towers which is only hold up the conductors and not pull the conductors are called the Suspension towers. The insulator used in suspension towers are provided vertically. The suspension tower is also called anchor towers or tangent towers.In the transmission lines, the suspension towers are used where the transmission line conductors are suspended from the tower cross arm and mechanical tension are same in each side of the tower. The suspension towers carry the downward and lateral force only and not carry longitudinal force. The suspension towers are used for straight run of transmission line. 2. Tension Towers A towers which is pull on the transmission line conductors is called tension towers. The insulators used in tension are provided horizontally.The tension towers are where the line changes the direction or having some angle. The suspension transmission tower are used for straight line and tension towers are used where transmission line have some angle. The tension tower is also called deviation towers. 3. Terminal Towers A special kind of dead end transmission towers is called terminal towers. Terminal tower are used where the transmission line is ended or terminates and connected to substation equipment’s. 4. Transposition Towers In AC transmission system, Transposition towers are used to change the physical configuration of the transmission line conductors in polyphase system to reduce the voltage imbalance in transmission line conductors. The transposition of transmission line conductors equalize the mutual inductance and capacitance of the transmission line and reduce the voltage imbalance in phases of the transmission line. 5. Self Supporting Towers The self supporting towers are divided into Four types 1. Narrow Base Towers 2. Broad Base Towers 3. Tangent Towers 4. Deviation Towers 1. Narrow Base Transmission Towers The Base of the narrow base tower is small or narrow. The narrow base tower is used lattice construction of angle, channel with bolted connection. In narrow base tower only one founded is used for all fours legs.The narrow base tower is used where space is not large for transmission line erection of transmission or the cost of land is very high. The narrow base towers are mostly used in cities where land cost is very high. The narrow base towers are uses less steel as compared to others but foundations cost of the narrow base towers are very high. 2. Broad Base Towers The broad base tower having larger or broad base. In broad base tower lattice with the roasted connection is used. The broad base towers are used where space is larger or land cost is less. The broad base tower is having separate foundations for each four legs. The Broad base towers more steel as compared to the narrow base towers. The cost of the foundation are less as compared to the narrow base towers. 3. Tangent Towers The tangent tower are used where the transmission line have straight run. The tangent towers uses suspension type silicon rubber insulator which only only hold up the conductors in downward direction. These Insulator are in Vertical direction. 4. Deviation Towers The Deviation towers are used where transmission changes its direction or transmission line have some angle. These towers used tension insulator which pull up the conductor in vertical direction. 6. Guyed or Stayed Towers The guyed or stayed towers are divided in to two types Portal Structure type V Structure type 1. Portal Structure type The portal structure having two legs and top of these towers connected by cross arms. These type of towers top are supported by four numbers of guy wires. These type of tower having two foundation for the leg. 2. V Structure type In V Structure both legs are connected to each other with some angle and provided in foundation which is very heavier than the portal structure type towers. The V structure having two member which are connected to each other with the help of cross arm. This towers are supported by the number of guyed wires. 7. A Type Tower The A type Tower is suspension type towers which is having angle deviation of 0 to 2 degrees. These towers is having two legs and suspension type insulator. 8. B Type Tower These type towers are tension types towers which is having angle deviation 2 to 15 degrees. These towers also having two legs and tension type insulators. 9. C Type Tower These towers are also tension type towers and used where is direction of change of line angle more. These towers are having angle of deviation 15 to 30 degrees. These type of towers having three legs. 10. D Type Tower These towers are also tension type towers which having angle of deviation 30 to 60 degrees. 11. Single circuit Towers These type towers are having only one line’s conductors on the one towers. 12. Double Circuit Towers These type of towers are having two line’s conductors on the one towers. 13. Multi Circuit Towers These type of towers are having more than two line’s conductors on the one towers. 14. River Crossing Towers The river crossing towers are suspension type or tension type towers with the zero degree angle deviation. Modern river crossing towers having span of 800m. 15.
Towers are tall structures that are designed to support antennas, communication equipment, or transmission lines. They are commonly used in telecommunications, broadcasting, and power transmission industries. Two of the most common types of towers are guyed towers and self-supporting towers. In this article, we will discuss the difference between these two types of towers, their advantages, disadvantages, and their applications. Self-Supporting Tower: A self-supporting tower, also known as a free-standing tower, is a tower that does not require external support to stand upright. This type of tower is designed to be self-sufficient and able to withstand its own weight and the weight of the equipment it supports. Self-supporting towers are commonly used in areas where there is limited space or where it is not possible to use guy wires for support. Advantages: The main advantage of self-supporting towers is that they do not require guy wires or external support, which means they can be installed in areas with limited space or where guy wires are not possible. Self-supporting towers are also easier to maintain and repair since they do not require the same level of maintenance as guyed towers. Additionally, self-supporting towers are often more aesthetically pleasing since they do not have guy wires that can obstruct the view. Disadvantages: The main disadvantage of self-supporting towers is that they require a larger foundation and require more materials to build. Self-supporting towers also tend to be more expensive than guyed towers due to the increased amount of materials required for construction. Additionally, self-supporting towers are less flexible than guyed towers since they cannot be adjusted or modified once they are installed. Applications: Self-supporting towers are commonly used in urban areas, rooftop installations, and locations where there is limited space or where guy wires are not possible. Self-supporting towers are also used in applications where aesthetics are important, such as in residential areas or tourist attractions. Guyed Tower: A guyed tower, also known as a guy-wire-supported tower, is a tower that is supported by a system of guy wires. Guyed towers consist of a central mast or pole that is supported by several guy wires that are anchored to the ground. Guyed towers are commonly used in areas where there is a lot of space, such as in rural areas or open fields. Advantages: The main advantage of guyed towers is that they require less material to build and are less expensive than self-supporting towers. Guyed towers also require less space for the foundation, which makes them more suitable for rural areas. Additionally, guyed towers are more flexible than self-supporting towers since they can be adjusted or modified after they are installed. Disadvantages: The main disadvantage of guyed towers is that they require guy wires, which can be unsightly and may obstruct the view. Guy wires also require regular maintenance and inspection to ensure that they are in good condition and properly tensioned. Guyed towers also require more maintenance and repair than self-supporting towers due to the presence of guy wires. Applications: Guyed towers are commonly used in rural areas, where there is plenty of space, and where guy wires are not a problem. Guyed towers are also used in applications where the tower needs to be taller than a self-supporting tower, such as in broadcasting or power transmission.
Different Types of Towers in Telecom Telecom towers are essential structures used to support antennas and other equipment for telecommunications services. These towers come in different types and configurations, each with its own unique features and capabilities. In this article, we will explore the different types of telecom towers used in the industry. Self-supporting towers Self-supporting towers, also known as freestanding towers, are the most common type of telecom towers used in the industry. These towers are typically made of steel and have a triangular or square shape. Self-supporting towers are designed to support heavy loads and can withstand extreme weather conditions. They are easy to install and require minimal maintenance, making them a popular choice for telecom companies. Guyed towers Guyed towers are similar to self-supporting towers, but they use guy wires to support the tower structure. Guy wires are tensioned cables that are attached to the tower and anchored to the ground. Guyed towers are less expensive than self-supporting towers and can be used to support heavier loads. However, they require more space than self-supporting towers and are more difficult to install. Monopoles Monopoles are single-pole towers that are typically made of steel or concrete. They are similar in appearance to street lamps or flag poles and are commonly used in urban areas where space is limited. Monopoles are easy to install and require minimal maintenance. They are also less expensive than self-supporting towers and can support moderate to heavy loads. Stealth towers Stealth towers are designed to blend into their surroundings, making them ideal for use in areas where aesthetics are a concern. These towers can be disguised as trees, flagpoles, or even church steeples. Stealth towers are more expensive than traditional towers and can only support light to moderate loads. Rooftop towers Rooftop towers are mounted on the roofs of buildings and are commonly used in urban areas where space is limited. These towers are typically smaller than traditional towers and are designed to support lighter loads. Rooftop towers require minimal installation and can be easily integrated into the architecture of the building. Camouflaged towers Camouflaged towers are designed to look like other structures, such as water tanks, silos, or chimneys. These towers are commonly used in rural areas where aesthetics are a concern. Camouflaged towers are more expensive than traditional towers and can only support light to moderate loads. Lattice towers Lattice towers are made of steel and have a lattice-like structure. They are commonly used in areas where high wind speeds are a concern. Lattice towers are more expensive than self-supporting towers but can support heavier loads. They also require more space than self-supporting towers and are more difficult to install. Mobile towers Mobile towers, also known as portable towers, are designed to be transported and set up quickly. These towers are commonly used in emergency situations or in areas where temporary coverage is needed. Mobile towers can be mounted on trucks or trailers and can support light to moderate loads. Microcells Microcells are small, low-powered base stations that are used to provide coverage in areas where traditional towers are not feasible. These cells can be mounted on poles or buildings and can cover a range of up to a few hundred meters. Microcells are typically used in urban areas to improve coverage and capacity. In-building wireless systems In-building wireless systems are used to provide wireless coverage inside buildings. These systems use a network of antennas and repeaters to distribute signals throughout the building. In-building wireless systems are typically used in large buildings such as hospitals, hotels, and office buildings.
